Once a drill site has been identified and the land leased from the owners, several steps are taken to prepare the site for drilling operations. Surface and underground surveys help to plot and plan for well drilling. These detailed plans are submitted to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) or the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) for a permit.
With the necessary state and local permits in hand, construction can begin to create a site covering approximately five acres. A road is built to access the site and lined water pits may be constructed for the purpose of storing fresh water. The topsoil is retained for later site reclamation, and every effort is made to minimize disturbance to the surrounding area. A solid work platform is laid down in layers beginning with a fabric sheet that acts as an environmental filter or barrier, then a layer of large rocks for a solid base and finally a top dressing of fine gravel.
A drilling rig, the accompanying equipment and support personnel work together as a highly specialized, extremely efficient operational team. Some of the support personnel live and work right on the site in trailers that serve as housing and offices. A small, temporary outpost quickly takes shape as it is delivered on flatbed and tractor-trailer trucks. Site-generated electric power and satellite communications are included in the setup.
